Ongoti bezamagugu bageqa amagula ngesimo sobugugu nebhizinisi lalo mkhakha eNingizimu Afrika.
Baxoxe noLANGA KHANYILE
“UMA simi ngeqholo kungenxa yokuthi sigqogqoshe kokhokho abaningi ababengamaqhawe.” Sisho kanjena isisho sase-Afrika.
Minyaka yonke ngoMandulo (September) eNingizimu Afrika kugujwa uSuku lwamaGugu, izinto ezingamagugu ezizwe zonke. Ngokwe-website kahulumeni, i-www.gov.za, “uSuku lwamaGugu ngolokukhumbula nokugubha umnotho womcebo wesizwe sakithi. Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bagubha lolu suku ngokukhumbula ubugugu bamasiko amaningi esizwe saseNingizimu Afrika.”
Kucace okwempahla yembuzi ukuthi ubugugu buthinta impilo yomuntu; uqobo lwakhe. Kuyazisho ukuthi indaba yomnotho imqoka uma kukhulunywa ngobugugu. Kwabanye lolu suku wusuku lokushisa inyama, kudliwe amankwebevu.
Sithini isimo somkhakha wezamaGugu eNingizimu Afrika? Ingabe ubugugu yinto yokwenziwa imboni ehlelekile neyokugaya imali njengezinye? Uhulumeni, imboni yamabhizinisi azimele, abanikazi nezishabasheki zamaGugu benzani ukuphatha leli gugu okwezikhali zamaNtungwa, ukuliqhakambisa nokulifukula?
USolwazi Musa Xulu, ungoti womlando womculo nezamaGugu, uthe: “Isimo somkhakha wobugugu eNingizimu Afrika sibi kakhulu kumanje. Izikhungo ezimqoka njengeLiliesleaf Farm zisengozini yokuvalwa. Kunesimo sokungacaci noma ukungabibikho kombono ngekusasa lalo mkhakha.
Okwakuwumbono ekuqaleni kombuso wentando yabantu kwakuwukuthi izikhungo zobugugu ezazincishwe amathuba nobugugu balabo ababecindezelwe kuzofukulwa ngocwaningo, ukuqoshwa phansi, intuthuko, ukugcinwa nokuqhakanjiswa. Yebo, kwenzeka lokho ngasekuqaleni kombuso wentando yeningi.”
UNkk Gugu Ngcobo, ungoti wezamaGugu noyisikhulu esiphezulu seKZN Arts and Culture Trust, uthi: “Akwenele esesikwenzile siyizwe ukuthi sibe nezimpawu nezikhumbuzo nezinto eziqhakambisa ubugugu bethu obehlukene. Iminyango kahulumeni eyenza lowo msebenzi akukuningi ekwenzile. Ucwaningo lweHSRC (iHuman Sciences Research Council) ngo-1993 lwaveza ukuthi wu-3% kuphela wezimpawu zobugugu babantu abamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika. Kudingeka sibheke ukuthi lokhu sekushintshe kangakanani ngemva kweminyaka ewu-27 (yenkululeko).”
UMnu Buyani Mhlongo, usihlalo weCentre for Community Arts and Local Heritage Development Trust, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo, uthi: “Kube wumzabalazo kwiziphathimandla ze-rainbow nation (iNingizimu Afrika entsha) ukutshala imali entuthukweni yengqalasizinda yobugugu ehlose ukubona, ukuvundulula nokugcina okwashatshalaliswa ngababusi bamakoloni nabobandlululo.”
UMhlongo uthe imibono emisha yabantu abamnyama yokuthuthukisa ubugugu ngokuba kutshalwe izinsiza ezanele kulo mkhakha ishaywa indiva ngabaholi bepolitiki. “Kuyadabukisa,” esho.
Subheading: Ngabe ubugugu yinto yokwenziwa umkhakha ohlelelekile nemboni?
UXulu uthi ezokuvakasha ezihambisana nobugugu bamasiko kwenza u-50% wezokuvakasha emhlabeni. “Izibalo ze-United Nations Cultural Statistics zikhomba ukuthi amathuba ebhizinisi maningi emkhakheni wobugugu, zingakabalwa ezokuvakasha.”
Uthe okunye ezinhlelweni zomnotho wobugu kungaba wukuvuselela izindawo ezindala emadolobheni, kwenziwe iziyingi zobugugu, lapho intsha ingaba namabhizinisi khona emikhakheni ehlukene njengokudla komdabu, ukuluka ngezindlela zesiNtu, izithangami zokuxhumana ngobuchwepheshe zezivakashi, ezamasiko nobuciko.
“Loku kungenziwa nangeminotho yasezindaweni zasemakhaya, lapho kunesidingo sokuthuthukisa izindawo ubugugu nezokuvakasha ezithinta ubugugu. Ubugugu kufanele buthathwe njengento yokuthuthukisa umnotho wendawo ngokomhlahlandlela we-UNESCO Cultural Statistics (Framework),” kusho uXulu.
Subheading: Yiziphi izinselelo ubugugu obubhekene nazo?
Zontathu izingqapheli zibale ukusweleka kwemali, nokungabi bikho kombono nangendlela abantu abathatha ubugugu ngayo.
UNkk uNgcobo uthi: “Ukuba mathintanyawo kwabaphathi bezwe (kuyinselelo).” Uthi kuyolamula ukungahlehli uma sekuthathwe izinqumo ezinqala.
UXulu uthi: “Enye inkinga wukungabibikho kwenqubo ecacile ezingeni likahulumeni wezwe. Lokhu kunomphumela nakohulumeni besifundazwe.”
NoNkk uNgcobo uthi imboni ekhula ngamandla emhlabeni ngeyezokuvakasha kanti ubugugu buyinsika yayo.
Uthi: “Siyizwe, silele phezu komcebo. Ubugugu bethi singabenza imboni, sikhande imali ngabo, kepha sibe sigcine ubungcwele babo. E-UK nje ubukhosi bamaNgisi yigugu lesizwe.”
Subheading: Kuhamba kanjani ngeqhaza lezemfundo ekufundiseni nasekwenzeni izingane zazise ubugugu?
UMhlongo ukhale ngokuthi kuyinselelo ukuthi abantu abasekhaleni lokuguqula ezobugugu yizifundiswa nezishoshovu zepolitiki, okungenazithelo ezitheni ngenxa yokuthi bonke benza izinto besemakhosombeni abo.
USolwazi uXulu uthi: “Izikole kufanele zandise izinto ezenziwayo ngoba ukusina indlamu ngaphandle kokuchaza ngendlela ecacile umongo wayo, isimo sayo nokudidiyelwa kwayo kugcina kuyinto yokubukisa, engenamongo.
Subheading: Ngabe abantu abakulo mkhakha benzani bona ukuletha ushintsho abahlale belushumayela?
UXulu uthi abanikazi bomkhakha bangaluletha uguquko.
“Kepha lo mkhakha uthembela kuhulumeni kakhulu; ukuthi uwuhole nokuthi uwuxhase ngemali. Enye into wukuthi abanikazi balo mkhakha babheke indaba ye-intellectual property (ukuvikela ubunikazi bezinto abazicabangile ngoba iningi i-IP (i-intellectual property) ehambisana nezindlela zendabuko zolwazi.
UXulu uphethe ngelithi: “Zikhona izinto esingabukela kuzona kwezinye izindawo emhlabeni nasezigcawini ze-UNESCO, okufanele sizikopele bese sizenza zihambelane nezwe. Asihlale phezu kwazo, sigxile ezintweni zobugugu nhlangothi zonke, unyaka wonke.”
*Lolu daba luqale lwashicilelwa
ku: www.umbele.likhanyiletm.co.za
